Jews
in New York City (judíos en la ciudad de Nueva York)
aparecen mencionados al comienzo en The
sun also rises, la novela de Ernest Hemingway. Al
final una aclaración sobre los diferentes
judíos…
The first Jewish settlement in what became the United States was in Dutch New
Amsterdam (1654), which is now known as New
York City. Since then, Jews have
settled in New York City in large
numbers. As of 2014, there are 1.5 million Jews
in New York City.
The number of Jews in New York City
soared throughout the beginning of the 20th century and reached a peak of 2
million in the 1950s, when Jews
constituted one-quarter of the city's population. New York City's Jewish population then began to decline because of
low fertility rates and migration to suburbs and other states, particularly
California and Florida. A new wave of Ashkenazi and Bukharian
Jewish immigrants from the
former Soviet Union began arriving in the 1980s and 1990s. Sephardic Jews,
including Syrian Jews and other Jews of non-European origin, have also lived in New York City since the late 19th
century. Many Jews, including the
newer immigrants, have settled in Queens, south Brooklyn, and the Bronx, where
at present most live in middle-class neighborhoods.
The number of Jews is especially high in Brooklyn,
where 561,000 residents—one out of four inhabitants—is Jewish. As of 2012, there are 1.1 million Jews in New York City.
Borough Park, known for its large Orthodox Jewish population,
had 27.9 births per 1,000 residents in 2015, making it the neighborhood with
the city's highest birth rate. However, the most rapidly growing community of
American Orthodox Jews is located in
Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of
Monsey, Monroe, New Square, Kiryas Joel, and Ramapo.
The first synagogue, the Sephardi
Congregation Shearith Israel, was established in 1682, but it did not get its
own building until 1730. Over time, the synagogue became dominant in Jewish life, organizing social services
and mandating affiliation for all New
York Jews. Even though by 1720 Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim, the
Sephardi customs were retained.
An influx of German and Polish Jews
followed the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. The increasing number of Ashkenazim led to the founding of the
city's second synagogue, B'nai Jeshurun, in 1825. Several others followed in
rapid succession, including the first Polish one, Congregation Shaare Zedek, in
1839. In 1845, the first Reform temple, Congregation Emanu-El of New York
opened.
The thirty five years beginning in
1881 experienced the largest wave of immigration to the United States ever.
Following the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, for which many blamed
"the Jews", there was a
vast increase in anti-Jewish pogroms
there – possibly with the support of the government – and numerous anti-Jewish laws were passed. The result was
that over two million Jews emigrated
to America, more than a million of them to New
York.
Benjamin Schafler, New York city, 1928 |
These immigrants tended to be young
and relatively irreligious, and were generally skilled – especially in the
clothing industry, which would soon dominate New York's economy. By the end of the nineteenth century, Jews "dominated related fields such
as the fur trade." (Jews in New York City,
from Wikipedia)
Para
saber
Ashkenazim
se origina de los judíos que se asentaron en el Rin, en el oeste de Alemania y
el norte de Francia. El lenguaje tradicional es el Yiddish. Bukharian Jews son judíos de Asia
central que históricamente hablaban Bukhori, un dialecto Tajik-Persa. Desde la
disolución de la Unión Soviética la gran mayoría emigró a Israel o a los EEUU.
Syrian Jews
vivían en la moderna Siria. Sephardi
Jews
vivían en España y Portugal de donde emigraron en el siglo 15. Orthodox Judaism es el judaísmo que
suscribe a la tradición de la revelación y adhiere a la interpretación y
aplicación de las leyes y éticas de la Torah.
De la web
9 Famous
Anti-Semitic People: Were Roald Dahl, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Ezra Pound anti-Semitic?
Well, I didn´t know it, but it´s never too late to learn…
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El
sol también se levanta, traducción de algunos párrafos de
la novela de Hemingway
Joseph
Heller, interview – entrevista en inglés
Si
tenés entre 1 y 100 años ya podés aprender inglés con nosotros (387-5723965)
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